Allagadda Stone Carving
Stone Carving
History
The stone carving tradition in Andhra Pradesh dates back to the 2nd century BC during the Satavahana dynasty, when Amravati was a key Buddhist center. The craft reflects a fusion of Buddhist, Hindu, and Islamic styles. Rich in stone resources like Cuddapah Sandstone, Durgi stone, and Krishna Shila (local granite), the region primarily produces temple carvings, including deity sculptures (vigrahas) and architectural elements like pillars and lintels.
Raw Materials and Tools
Allagadda stone carvings use locally sourced sandstone (Isuka Rai) and black stone (Pesara), named after mung beans for its color. Tools include the Moola Matam for measuring and sketching, Sutti (hammer), Uli (chisel), Apellu for cutting, and measuring tape. Finishing tools like Arapasam (Nayam), grinding stones, and Geevaraku leaves are used for polishing. Larger stones are shaped with electric cutters and finishing machines, blending traditional and modern techniques in the carving process.
Process
The stone carving process begins with selecting high-quality stone, assessed by sound or visual inspection for cracks. The surface is smoothed, and outlines are drawn using coal or colorants. Using Moola Matam for accurate measurements, rough carving is done with hammers (Sutti) and chisels (Uli). Details are refined with Arapasam chisels, then polished using grinding stones (Aku Rai) and Geevaraku leaves for shine. Final touches use fine chisels and emery paper for a smooth finish.
Design and Color
Andhra stone sculptors follow the Shilpa Sastras, especially Rupa Dhyana Ratnavali and Kashyapa Shilpa Sastram, which guide the carving of divine figures like Lord Ganesh and Gautam Buddha. Promoted by the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD), these texts emphasize spiritual depth over mere physical form. Through traditional techniques, artisans strive to capture abstract ideas and emotions, creating sculptures that represent both historical legacy and deeper philosophical values.
Product Range
Allagadda is renowned for its sculptures, particularly the stone carvings of mythological figures and deities found in the local temples. These works, along with various handicrafts, exemplify the region's stone carving artistry.
Additional Information
