Kalamkari
Other Hand Block Printing
History
Srikalahasti, located in Andhra Pradesh, is renowned for its Kalamkari printing, an ancient art form derived from “Kalam” (bamboo pen) and “Kari” (craftsmanship). This traditional technique, practiced for centuries, illustrates Hindu mythological epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The craft thrives due to abundant natural resources, river water from Swarnamukhi, and a favorable climate, making Srikalahasti an ideal hub for Kalamkari fabric printing.
Raw Materials and Tools
Kalamkari printing uses cotton cloth called “Gaada,” treated with buffalo milk and Myrobalan paste to prevent color spreading. Natural dyes are sourced from plant materials—roots for red, pomegranate skin for yellow, and indigo for blue. The essential tool, the Kalam (bamboo pen), is wrapped with cotton to hold dye. Other tools include charcoal for sketching, alum as a mordant, and Kasim Kaaram for black dye.
Process
The cotton cloth is washed, treated with Myrobalan and buffalo milk, and sun-dried. Charcoal sketches are outlined using Kalam dipped in Kasim Kaaram. Red shades emerge from alum mordanting, followed by boiling with tree root powders. The fabric is washed in river water for three days. Colors are carefully filled using natural dyes—yellow first, then green, rose, and blue—using tapered Kalams to ensure precision and prevent color bleeding.
Design and Color
Kalamkari designs depict Hindu mythology, village life, and temple scenes. Common motifs include deities like Krishna, Rama, and Ganesha, along with trees, birds, and floral patterns. The color palette consists of naturally derived hues—black from iron filings, red from tree roots, yellow from pomegranate skin, green from Myrobalan and alum, and blue from indigo. Intricate patterns and symbolic imagery enhance the spiritual essence of the artwork.
Product Range
Traditional Kalamkari fabrics serve as temple hangings and religious illustrations. Contemporary adaptations include saris, dupattas, handbags, photo frames, wall panels, and home décor items.