Uttarakhand Likhai (Wood Carving)
Wood (Carving)
History
India's woodcraft tradition dates back to Vedic times, flourishing in regions like Padmanabhapuram, Mysore, and Kashmir, known for intricate carvings and wooden architecture. The Kumaon region of Uttarakhand was famed for its likhai tradition. Though modernization and deforestation caused decline, migrations after the Maratha wars spread the craft to Nepal and Gujarat. Once sustained through barter, woodcraft is now a luxury, mainly found in resorts and heritage properties.
Raw Materials and Tools
RAW MATERIALS: Timber, Deodar (Wood)
TOOLS: Chisel, Hand Saw, Mallet, Adze, Drilling Tool
Process
The process of woodcarving begins with selecting timber, deodar, or pine wood, which is carefully cut from a log and shaped into a basic form. Straight lines are marked using a string dipped in chalk or red ochre (geru) to guide the carving. An adze is then used to refine the shape further. The artisan draws the outline and gradually carves out excess material, moving from broad cuts to intricate details. Various sharp tools like chisels, gouges, and hammers of different sizes help in shaping delicate patterns.
Design and Color
Almora’s architecture showcases residents’ wealth through detailed wood carvings called nakashi, featuring natural motifs like birds, trees, and flowers. These carvings adorn facades, especially doors (kholi) and windows (tyapaari), while the rear remains cemented. The main door often has Lord Ganesha at its center, framed by floral patterns. Tyapaaris, painted in vivid blues, greens, and greys, allowed women to observe ceremonies. Window types include ekdari, dodari, and tibari.
Product Range
The product range includes architectural and household elements like doors and windows, known for their functional and artistic roles. Pillars and railings serve structural and decorative functions, contributing to a building's aesthetics and integrity. Additionally, rafters, cupboards, vessels, lamps, spoons, and temple carvings represent various aspects of craftsmanship.